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Cache Specialized RAM used to optimize data transfers between system elements with different performance characteristics.
Cache, Internet Browser The files and graphics saved locally from web sites you have previously visited.
Card A circuit board that usually is designed to plug into a connector or slot. See also adapter.
CDR An acronym for re-writable CD technology whose media can be written to and erased approximately 1,000 times before failure. Standard 74min CD-RW media can hold up to 500MB when formatted for fixed-length packet writing.
Clean Room An environmentally controlled dust-free assembly or repair facility in which hard disk drives are assembled or can be opened for internal servicing.
Cluster Windows allocates space to files in units called clusters. Each cluster contains from 1 to 64 sectors, depending on the type and size of the disk. A cluster is the smallest unit of disk space that can be allocated for use by files.
CMOS A part of the motherboard that maintains system variables in static RAM. It also supplies a real-time clock that keeps track of the date, day and time. CMOS Setup is typically accessible by entering a specific sequence of keystrokes during the POST at system start-up.
Cold Boot Starting or restarting a computer by turning on the power supply. See also warm boot.
Context Menu Also called a context-sensitive menu, or a shortcut menu, a context menu includes the commands that are commonly associated with an object on the screen. To activate an itme's context menu, point to it with the screen pointer, then press and release the right mouse button once.
Cookies, Internet Browser Holds information on the times and dates you have visited web sites. Other information can also be saved to your hard disk in these text files, including information about online purchases, validation information about you for members-only web sites, and more.
CPU Stands for Central Processing Unit, a programmable logic device that performs all the instruction, logic, and mathematical processing in a computer.
Crash A sudden, usually drastic failure. Can be said of the operating system or a particular program when there is a software failure. Also, a disk drive can crash because of hardware failure.
CRC Acronym for Cyclic Redundancy Check. The CRC is used to verify data block integrity. In a typical scheme, 2 CRC bytes are added to each user data block. The 2 bytes are computed from the user data, by digital logical chips. The mathematical model is made up of polynomials with binary coefficients. When reading back data, the CRC bytes are read and compared to new CRC bytes computed from the read back block to detect a read error. The read back error check process is mathematically equivalent to dividing the read block, including its CRC, by a binomial. If the division remainder is zero, the data is error free.
Cross-linked Files Two files that both refer to the same data.
Clean Room An environmentally controlled dust-free assembly or repair facility in which hard disk drives are assembled or can be opened for internal servicing.
Cylinder The cylindrical surface formed by identical track numbers on vertically stacked discs. At any location of the head positioning arm, all tracks under all heads are the cylinder. The cylinder number is one of the three address components required to find a specific address. The other two are head number and sector number.
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